What is pressure vessel?
Pressure vessel is closed container which holds liquids or gasses at a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure.
Definition of Pressure vessel as per ASME BPVC section VIII , Div 1, U1,
Pressure vessel are containers for containment of pressure, either external or internal. This pressure may be obtained from a external source or by application of heat. Heat can be applied either by a direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof .
Types of pressure vessel based on their purpose :
Storage vessel- used primarily for storage of liquids or gases in a pressurized state.
Process vessel – vessels in which any of the below operations are performed.
Seperation of products
combining products
breaking down and
removing various elements as by products or impurities
(Ex. Seperator, reactor, distillation tower, heat exchanger, drums, fractioning tower, etc.)
Fired and Un fired pressure vessel
Fired pressure vessel – are pressure vessels where external heat source is used to keep the liquid or gas pressurized ( fire source may be direct or indirect).
Un fired Pressure Vessel – no external heat is applied.
About ASME BPVC section VIII- pressure vessel inspection standards
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code section VIII , has 3 divisions
Division 1 : Construction of pressure vessel (15 psi to 3000 psi). It’s scope covers , Designing, fabrication, Inspection of pressure vessels. Testing and certification of pressure vessel, with internal or external pressure. Operating more than 15 psi, the pressure vessel may be fired or Unfired , (max pressure is normally 3000 psi )
Division 1 also contains mandatory and non-mandatory appendices for supplementary design requirements. NDT non destructive testing and acceptance criteria.
Division 2 : Alternative rules. ( 3,000psi to 10,000 psi )
Division 3 : Alternative rules for very high pressure vessel.( Greater than 10,000 psi )
Parts of pressure vessel
Major parts of pressure vessel are shell, Dish , saddle, manhole and nozzles. The major parts are marked in the below picture of pressure vessel.
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